salinity stress in plants biology discussion

Non-halophytes with low salt tolerance (e.g., Hordeum sp., Gossypium sp). Our mission is to provide an online platform to help students to share notes in Biology. Since promoter activity of SOS1 gene is not upregulated by salt stress, its expression is placed under the control of virus 35S promoter and conferred resistance upto 200 mM NaCl in the medium. In several transgenic plants, overexpression of AtNHX1 gene was reported to enhance plant salt tolerance considerably. Salinity stress is one of the major threats to agricultural productivity across the globe. High concentrations of salt ions have been found in the cytosol of salt-exposed plants. Such relations indicated Na+ retention in roots and hypocotyls. Plant adaptation or tolerance to salinity stress involves complex physiological traits, metabolic pathways, and molecular or gene networks. In addition to the accumulation of osmo-protectant compounds, a large set of plant genes are expressed and accumulate new set of proteins under salt-stressed-condition. Such a mechanism was found in various species of Fabaceae. Consequently, succulence may be a mechanism to avoid high salt concentration in plant organs. Reactions of Plants to Salinity: The reactions of plants to salinity depend on the specific degree of tolerance against soil salinity. Plants can be […] (With Methods)| Industrial Microbiology, How is Cheese Made Step by Step: Principles, Production and Process, Enzyme Production and Purification: Extraction & Separation Methods | Industrial Microbiology, Fermentation of Olives: Process, Control, Problems, Abnormalities and Developments, The best answers are voted up and rise to the top. Discussion. Share Your PPT File. A hypothesis explaining the effects of Ca+2on salt responses of plants was put forward by Rengel (1992) He suggested that Na+ reduces the binding of Ca2+ to plasma membranes, inhibits influx and increases efflux of Ca+2and depletes the internal Ca+2 stores in cell compartments. Abstract. 3, 10 FEBRUARY 2004 407 Physiology and molecular biology of salinity stress tolerance in plants 15.6). Sequestration of Na+ into the vacuole not only lowers Na+ concentration in the cytoplasm but also maintains osmotic balance. It is the key enzyme for CO2 fixation in plant leaves. A comprehensive understanding on how plants respond to salinity stress at different levels and an integrated approach of combining molecular tools with physiological and biochemical techniques ar… Agricultural productivity is severely affected by high soil salinity and is responsible for decline in soil fertility throughout the world. Transcription of genes encoding late embryogenesis-abundant (LEA) proteins is activated under abiotic stress particularly, under salt and water deficit conditions. Accumulation is highly preferred in older leaves than accommodating in younger sensitive meristem tissues. Which organelle is known as “power house” of the cell? 2017;17 Presence of membrane receptors and membrane proteins are probably responsible for sensing extra cellular and intracellular Na+, respectively. Name the types of nitrogenous bases present in the RNA. Miquel et al., (9) documented, that respiration decreases under water stress This can be achieved by accumulation of osmotically active, organic solutes in the cytosol, which do not interfere with the physiological processes. Therefore, the salt tolerance of plants may depend riot only on salt exclusion from cytosol, but also changes in the microenvironment of the enzymes, for instance on whether substrate or protective agents have been increased. The abiotic stresses such as salinity … Such solutes enable the Rubisco to function at high rates in presence of salt ions in cytosol. Transgenic experiments conducted in Arabidopsis thaliana showed that plasma membrane antiporter SOS1 when over expressed conferred resistance to salt stress. The environmental stress is a major area of scientific concern because it constraints plant as well as crop productivity. Plants with shorter roots and lower root surface might ... Yang A, Zhang W-H. Therefore, there is a much scientific saddle on researchers to enhance crop productivity under environmental stress in order to cope with the increasing food demands. Research in the past three decades, therefore, has focused on analyzing the effects of salinity stress on the plants. In this way salt is removed from the leaves. Salinity did not affect shoot N, P, or K but significantly reduced Ca, Mg, and S, although plants had no symptoms of salt toxicity or mineral deficiency. Differences in ion relations in various members of Chenopodiaceae were also observed in another study by Riemann and Breckl. Here, we not only review recent advances in salinity stress research in plants but also revisit some basic perennial questions that still remain unanswered. Under salt stress, plants have to adjust their physiological and biochemical processes, involved in regulating ion and osmotic homeostasis, as well as stress damage control and repair (detoxification) (Zhu 2002). The salt bladder hairs are characteristics for Chenopodiaceae. Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Salinity can give rise to morphological and structural changes in some plants. Mechanisms of Salt Resistance. Effet of Salt Stress, Genetics, Plant Biotechnology, Salt Stress, Stress. Sensitive plants respond to salinity stress by accumulating some secondary metabolites as a way to increase their tolerance against salinity stress. Abiotic stress is defined as the negative impact of non-living factors on living organisms in a specific environment. Content Guidelines 2. In this article we will discuss about Salinity Stress in Plants. TOS4. This website includes study notes, research papers, essays, articles and other allied information submitted by visitors like YOU. Our mission is to provide an online platform to help students to share notes in Biology. Besides the identification and use of salt-adapted species or cultivars in saline areas, the use of treatments to alleviate the effects of salinity stress is a promising solution to ensure crop production in such adverse conditions. Calcium is an essential plant nutrient with many functions in metabolism like stabilization of membranes, signal transduction as a second messenger, and control of enzyme activity. Answer Now and help others. Soil salinization is a major threat to agriculture in arid and semiarid regions. What is a mushroom shaped gland? Subsequently, the bladders die and they are shed. In the extended transgenic work, overexpression of the Arabidopsis H+ pyrophosphase (AVP1) was shown to improve salt stress. SOS1 facilitates long distance transport of Na+ and it is significant in the removal of sodium through transpiration and the vacuolar sequestration of Na+ in leaves. TOS4. Share Your Word File Second generation of transgenic rice plants has shown significant increase in their tolerance to high saline and water deficit condition. Salt stress affects many physiological aspects of plant growth. Such substances are called compatible solutes. When plants are under salt stress, flow of water into the plant is reversed and it causes ion imbalance. This process is accomplished by coupling transport protein to a proton pump. (2008). ix. 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