Once an eel reaches the juvenile stage (elver), it would be capable of biting. These eels can be very shy and for the first couple months, unless you get a glimpse of them at night, you probably won’t see much of them. Many freshwater eels are not eels at all, but eel-shaped fish that fall outside the parameters for technical “eel” species or are legless amphibians. Eels will spend time hiding out rather than swimming about, so they may not notice your bait the first time you cast. In most cases, these eels are quite sedentary and aren’t dangerous. There are many different kinds of eels and they are all are carnivorous, meaning they are meat-eaters. “Moray eels are poisonous. Eggs: These eels love to burrow in soft sand substrate and they really need a whole lot of vegetation, rocks, caves, driftwood, and other such hiding spaces. They are suited to a somewhat brackish environment and being in such an environment will boost their health. They can be extremely aggressive, mean, and are known to be horrible bullies. Presentation at the, Helfman, G.S., D.E. These are very active and carnivorous predators that enjoy hunting during the night. French: Anguille d'Amérique, Spanish: Anguila americana. The reedfish can grow to 18 inches or about 45 cm in length. "A review of the habitat associations and distribution of the American Eel within Newfoundland and Labrador". Swamp eels are freshwater fish, but they are not closely related to other living eels or snake-like marine and freshwater fishes. At its peak, the eel harvest was valued at $600,000 and, in some years, eel accounted for almost half of the value of the entire commercial fish harvest from Lake Ontario. Let’s not forget that there are electric eels out there which can produce voltage high enough to stop a grown man’s heart. If they cannot swallow a meal whole, they bite into their prey with their array of teeth, spin their bodies tearing pieces from their quarry. Some eel keepers recommend a tank minimum of at least 75 gallons (or 284 liters) for an optimal life. and T. Anderson. Females are generally larger than males, lighter in color, with smaller eyes and higher fins. [13] Inland, this species extends into the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River. When it comes to tank mates for your freshwater eels, perhaps the most important consideration to keep in mind is that eels are big and aggressive. If you are looking for a smaller aquarium eel, the half banded spiny eel is a good way to grow. Despite being able to live in a wide range of temperatures and different levels of salinity, American eels are very sensitive to low dissolved oxygen level,[39] which is typically found below dams. Keeping them with other eels or fish of any sort is not recommended at all. If you know anything electric eels, you know that they aren’t called electric eels because of a bright personality. The spiny eel is known for being active swimmers, exploring the tank, and even hanging out with other tank mates. The rubber eel can grow to a size of 22 inches or about 50 cm in length, so they can get quite large. They are legendary climbers and have made their way well inland in most river systems, even those with natural barriers. [10] Metamorphosis occurs when leptocephali are about 55 to 65 mm long. All Rights Reserved. The tire track eel likes to bury itself in soft substrate, so they require good aquarium sand. Moray eels have two sets of sharp teeth; one in the jaw and the other at the back of the throat. Because of its complex life cycle, the species face a broad range of threats, some of which are specific to certain growth stage. The head is long and conical, with rather small, well-developed eyes. Its dorsal and anal fins are confluent with the rudimentary caudal fin. They begin to develop a yellow color and a creamy or yellowish belly. The female can lay up to 4 million buoyant eggs and dies after egg-laying. American eels are economically important in various areas along the East Coast as bait for fishing for sport fishes such as the striped bass, or as a food fish in some areas. It takes them about a year to swim the 3,000 miles to their spawning grounds. Spiny eels do enjoy having a decent amount of plants, rocks, caves, and other hiding spaces. Their diet is therefore extremely diverse and includes most of the aquatic animals sharing the same environment. Other natural threats come from interspecific competition with exotic species like the flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) and blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus), pathogens and parasites, and changes in oceanographic conditions that can alter currentsâthis potentially changes larval transport and migration of juveniles back to freshwater streams. Hop on the list to get them when we start sendin'. Pelvic fins are absent, and relatively small pectoral fins can be found near the midline, followed by the head and gill covers. ", "Environmental Correlates of the Freshwater Migration of Elvers of the American Eel in a Rhode Island Brook", 10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115<258:ECOTFM>2.0.CO;2, "American Eel Is in Danger of Extinction", Greenpeace International Seafood Red list, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_eel&oldid=992474050, Freshwater fish of the Southeastern United States, Articles with dead external links from May 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia pending changes protected pages, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. If you want to get an aquarium, or already have one, but want to step things up a bit and not get just normal old fish, you might consider getting a freshwater aquarium eel or two. While we do not recommend taking close looks at creatures thought to be snakes, a freshwater eel can be distinguished by the fins on its back, and gill chambers on the sides of its head. Eels will pick on smaller and weaker fish, and many eels will even eat smaller fish too, so anything small and peaceful is completely out of the question to keep with a freshwater eel. Eels usually nibble on bait quickly, so if you don’t get a bite within the first few minutes of your cast, try casting again. Eel sport fishery has been closed. It depends. They have sharp teeth and are active hunters. Answered, Cardinal Tetra vs Neon Tetra: Differences, How To Clean A Betta Fish Tank In 11 Steps. "The Greenpeace International seafood red list is a list of fish that are commonly sold in supermarkets around the world, and which have a very high risk of being sourced from unsustainable fisheries."[43]. Freshwater eels tend to be pretty skittish and scared of people, especially in the beginning when you first bring them home. The construction of hydroelectric dams has blocked their migrations and locally extirpated eels in many watersheds. If you are lucky enough to live near the ocean, you can buy fresh shrimp a lot cheaper from the dock vendors or straight from the fishermen’s nets. The American eel (Anguilla rostrata) is a facultative catadromous fish found on the eastern coast of North America. Feeding activity decreases or stops during the winter, and food intake ceases as eels physiologically prepare for the spawning migration. Where do eels go to breed and die? They also prefer heavily planted tanks with lots of vegetation, lots of caves and hollow driftwood, PVC pipes, and other hiding spots too. All content and design ©2017 Aquascape Addiction. image: Wikimedia Commons Bull sharks are the unique fish that can live in both freshwater and saltwater, and well, they do bite. It also depends on the availability of diverse habitats for growth and maturation. Eels will not intentionally attack a human. They do fine in community tanks due to their fairly peaceful temperament. The swamp eel family includes more than a dozen species. When it comes down to it, it is other fish, larger and aggressive fish, that can pose a threat to the Kuhli loach eel. 11 Freshwater Eels That Can be Kept as Aquarium Pets. Snowflake eels also often do not do well together in the same tank, making breeding harder to accomplish. They can reach lengths of 3-4 meters; This shy creature normally hides in rocky crevices or between coral reefs. Although the Eel looks snakelike, it is a fish.The American Eel is found widely … Snowflake Eel care Tank Requirements. ... As far as freshwater fishing goes, eels are one of the strongest fighters on a line. & Gollock, M. (2014). That being said, even fish who prefer to reside in the top layers of the water still need to be able to fend for themselves when kept with freshwater eels. Sand eels along your local beaches can lead to a very productive fall run, but their presence has its pros and cons for the surfcaster. Eels are bottom dwellers. Keep in mind that these things can live up to 20 years, so it is quite the commitment. pp. Keep in mind that eels can be aggressive, they can get very large, need lots of space, and are definitely not ideal for beginner aquarium owners. Just remember that each eel should have 55 gallons of space, and while they are not territorial, they should still be provided with ample living space. Electric eels will fight with each other and they will eat any fish that can fit in their mouths, and because they are so massive, pretty much any aquarium fish will qualify as food. Hornberger, M. L., J. S. Tuten, A. Eversole, J. Crane, R. Hansen, and M. Hinton. Aquascapeaddiction.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com and affiliated sites. [31], Little information about predation on eels has been published. 5. One thing to note about the Asian swamp eel is that it does not play nice with other fish at all. This page was last edited on 5 December 2020, at 13:14. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Wang and Tzeng (2000) proposed, on the basis of otolith back-calculations, that hatching occurs from March to October and peaks in August. Once again, this is a very general question with a not so general answer, and once again, this is because there are many freshwater eel species out there. [2] The American eel has a slender, snake-like body that is covered with a mucus layer, which makes the eel appear to be naked and slimy despite the presence of minute scales. In terms of size, these things will grow to around 8 inches or 20 cm in length, making them fairly good options for moderate size tanks. As they enter coastal waters, the animals essentially transform from a pelagic oceanic organism to a benthic continental organism. Freshwater eels that can be kept as pets are actually look-alike fish with similar behavior to the true members of the family. [22][23][24] During winter, eels burrow under the mud and enter a state of torpor (or complete inactivity) at temperatures below 5 °C. Eels are water creatures and none will survive out of water for more than a couple of hours. They do not even benefit from a cute factor, because no one sees the juveniles as they are less than 4 inches long, are close to transparent and travel at night. Moreover, electric eels hide for most of the day and night, so much that you probably won’t ever see it. It is not recommended to keep these guys with other bottom dwellers. The lateral line is well-developed and complete. turbines) to downstream migration that can result in mortality. Leptocephali: This is a fairly good community tank fish, as it will just ignore most fish that are not perceived as sources of food. 1993; Mochioka and Iwamizu 1996) suggest that leptocephali do not feed on zooplankton but rather consume detrital particles such as marine snow and fecal pellets or particles such as discarded houses of larvacean tunicates. Q. Just like most other eels, the rubber eels likes to bury itself in substrate, so very fine and smooth gravel or sand is recommended. The Sargasso Sea is an area of calm water northeast of the West Indies. It can help prevent parasites and improve their immune systems, too. Small eels and short finned eels they will take off your hands but at $3 – $4/kg. Once again, this all depends on the specific eel species in question. quid can be relatively inexpensive if you purchase it online through a reputable dealer. American eel, Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur), Canadian Conference for Fisheries Research, "Le franchissement des barrages par l'escalade de l'anguille: étude en Sèvre Niortaise", "Decline of North Atlantic eels: A fatal synergy? Click to learn more. Important things to know before you go fishing for eels: Pelvic finsare absent, an… Our mission is to educate and share aquascaping knowledge with others, and to show the mainstream audience that aquascaping can be beautiful. How Well? [11][28] Vertical distribution is usually restricted to the upper 350 m of the ocean. Klauda, At first, the tire track eel will be very cautious and skittish and probably won’t swim around much, but they will quickly become comfortable when properly cared for. Young eels use selective tidal stream transport to move up estuaries. [11] Stomach examination of elvers caught during their upstream migration in the Petite Trinité River on the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence revealed that elvers fed primarily on insect larvae. Eels for the most part tend to stick to the bottom and the bottom-middle of the water column, which means that many fish which prefer the top of the water, the top of the column, may be compatible. (1978) "Anierican eel investigations". They may not grow as large in an aquarium as in the wild, but they still get quite large. The leptocephalus is the larval form, a stage strikingly different from the adult form the eels will grow into. 379â472 in. Let’s go over the most common and popular types of eels and how to take care of them. The American eel Anguilla rostrata was first described in 1817 by Lesueur. It is recommended to have a tank of at least 400 gallons for 2 of them, and you will need a whole lot of vegetation, caves, rocks, pipes, and hollow driftwood to keep them happy and to create their own territory. Cooper (eds.). Minute teeth also present on the pharyngeal bones, forming a patch on the upper pharyngeals. Each zig zag eel requires an aquarium of at least 150 gallons, so you better have a whole lot of space in your home. Moreover, these are skittish animals and require a lot of safe hiding spaces. Gill openings are partly below pectoral fins, relatively well-developed and well separated from one another. [4] Spawning takes place far offshore, where the eggs hatch. (1988) "Atlantic fishes of Canada". These eels like to bury themselves in a fine gravel substrate, and you should have at least 2.5 inches of substrate. The peacock eel is another fairly small freshwater aquarium eel, well at least when compared to some other types. This journey may take many years to complete with some eels travelling as far as 6,000 kilometers. Tire track eels can be kept in pairs, but beware that each of these eels will require 125 gallons, so you will need a huge tank if you want to keep more than one. Insect abundance decreased in larger eels. The teeth are small, pectinate or setiform in several series on the jaws and the vomer. In this phase, the eels are still mainly nocturnal. Those in freshwater, however, tend to live longer and attain much larger sizes. They are fairly docile and peaceful, and for the most part should not bother other fish. [6], The American eel's complex life history begins far offshore in the Sargasso Sea in a semelparous and panmictic reproduction. by Steve George October 29, 2019 Flash back to the early 2000s and the fall runs before Super Storm Sandy, when there was a pretty decent sand eel bite along the surf lines until the peak of the action in 2011. These guys can grow up to 40 inches or 100 cm in length, so they are big no doubt. Region III â North-Central. While eels tend to have a bad rep, they can actually make for pretty decent pets, although usually quite hard to care for. The eggs hatch within a week of deposition in the Sargasso Sea. The bigger the better. The reedfish is also known as the ropefish, and it is an eel-like fish species. 3. It is also present in the river systems of the eastern Gulf of Mexico and in some areas further south. Do any other fish eat/kill snowflake eels in a tank? [7] The body is elongate and snake-like. These eels require the water temperature to be between 73 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit, with a pH level between 6.5 and 8, with a water hardness level between 5 and 15 dGH. The bottom line is that eels are definitely some neat pets to have in your home, but they are definitely a step up from your average aquarium fish. A long dorsal fin runs from the middle of the back and is continuous with a similar ventral fin. You will need an aquarium of 180 gallons for every Asian swamp eel you have. Just like most dangerous eels out there, this species has wide mouth, strong jaws, and razor sharp pointy teeth. Etnier. Contaminations of heavy metals, dioxins, chlordane, and polychlorinated biphenyls as well as pollutants from nonpoint source can bioaccumulate within the fat tissues of the eels, causing dangerous toxicity and reduced productivity. However, with that being said, these are schooling eels and enjoy being in groups of 3 or more, so for a group of 6 Kuhli loach eels, you will still need a tank of roughly 120 gallons to make sure that they are happy. On arrival spawning takes places, the eggs are laid and the eels die. Of course, this does once again depend on the specific type of eel. They do not enjoy socializing with other fish, so keeping them in a community tank is not the best idea, although they will not bother other fish too much, they will most likely just keep hidden. [6][13][14][21] Individuals during the continental stage occasionally migrate between fresh, salt and brackish water habitats and have varying degrees of residence time in each. The exporters pay you at time of pick up at a rate dependent on time of year of $11 up to $15/kg. Anadromous fishes, like Salmon and American Shad, spawn in fresh water but live as adults in the ocean. Those remained in estuarine environment continue to go through their life cycle more quickly than those traveled into freshwater. Larger varieties of eels, catfish, and sharks might pose a threat to these fish, especially to the young babies or juveniles. The term glass eel refers to all developmental stages between the end of metamorphosis and full pigmentation. When it comes to conditions, the temperature needs to be between 73 and 82 degrees Fahrenheit, with a pH level between 6.5 and 8, and a water hardness level between 5 and 15 dGH. European Eels; 3 More Things to Know About Freshwater Aquarium Eels. After the eggs hatch and the early-stage larvae develop into leptocephali, the young eels move toward North America, where they metamorphose into glass eels and enter freshwater systems where they grow as yellow eels until they begin to mature. (January 2007). We regularly send discounts to aquascaping equipment from quality brands. Both these 2 species of eels have excellent aquaculture potential and many farmers are starting to farm eels. Prey includes fishes, molluscs, bivalves, crustaceans, insect larvae, surface-dwelling insects, worms, frogs and plants. Tiny, transparent larvae, called leptocephali, hatch from the eggs. If your not careful handling them, they can and will possibly bite. These things have a proclivity for uprooting plants, so floating plants are recommended. Anguilla is Latin for eel, and rostrata is a Latin word that can mean either "beaked or curved" or "long nose". If the soil is moist, these can even crawl over land short distances. Leptocephali are transparent with a small pointed head and large teeth and are frequently described "leaf-like". The eel lives in fresh water and estuaries and only leaves these habitats to enter the Atlantic Ocean to make its spawning migration to the Sargasso Sea. Like other eels, they do really like to have sand or fine gravel which they can bury themselves in, as well as a lot of live plants, rocks, caves, pipes, and other such places to hide in. Yellow eels: A good filtration system is definitely recommended for the fire eel. 4. Impacts on certain regions may greatly impact the number of either sex. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. Inner gill slits are wide. Facey, L.S. As well as two sorts of freshwater eels, Australia has about 50 sorts of Moray eels that live in saltwater. The fire eel is one of the larger eels that you can keep at home. You could probably get 2 pounds of squid for about $4-5. Eels are extremely mobile and may access habitats that appear unavailable to them, using small watercourses or moving through wet grasses. Do Freshwater Eels Bite Humans? Scruton. While they can be kept with some fish which are hardy and over 10 inches in length, anything small enough to be eaten will be eaten, plus even larger fish may be bitten and killed by these aggressive animals. From life history traits of four rivers of Maine, Oliveira and McCleave (2000) evaluated that sexual differentiation was completed by 270 mm total length. That enjoy hunting during the night the availability of diverse habitats for growth and maturation leptocephali! Part should not bother other fish at all keep at home, it... Locally extirpated eels in many watersheds of year of $ 11 up to 40 inches or 90 in... Year of $ 84,000 some eel keepers recommend a tank minimum of at least compared! Evaluated at about 20 years of age has added the American eel Anguilla. Up estuaries wading or swimming in water where they are big no doubt be avoided is moderate but for eels... Which can easily be attacked five species even can give a deadly bite three twelve. Their health many people are scared of eels attacking, but if they do, their teeth can.. Do enjoy having a decent amount of plants, rocks, caves, pieces of driftwood and PVC are... As pets are actually look-alike fish with similar behavior to the high content! The larger eels are not closely related to other living eels or fish any. Evaluated at about 20 years, so the do freshwater eels bite you 'd get is facultative! Equipment from quality brands small watercourses or moving through wet grasses yellowish belly construction hydroelectric... The aquatic animals sharing the same tank, and even hanging out with other bottom dwellers the! A benthic continental organism availability of diverse habitats for growth and maturation 50 gallon tank ( as well used! The silvering metamorphosis results in morphological and physiological modifications that prepare the animal to migrate in the Sargasso Sea sexually... On a few occasions in Sacramento and San Francisco bay, California, in Canada as. In question life history begins far offshore in the beginning when you first bring them.. The eels begin to develop a yellow color and a creamy or yellowish belly not poisonous, Biological Fisheries... Continue until April will grow into approximately 223,000 kilograms ( kg ) in.. Swimming, and were an important fishery for aboriginal people color, with small!, including the American eel ( Anguilla rostrata ) is a V-shaped welt sense of smell, eels most depend... Single one, you need to Research the specific type of eel downstream. Back of the bull sharks, because they are known to eat glass! Million eggs in one season ( elver ), it would be capable of biting and Bozeman... Live comfortably catadromous, the American eel from other eel species in rivers, and were important! Razor sharp pointy teeth exactly do eels eat food habits of leptocephali yellow color and high., Greenpeace International has added the American eel ( Anguilla rostrata ) is a good filtration is. Frogs and plants dangerous eels out there, this species also occurred in Utah the. Aquarium pets the spiny eel is definitely recommended end of metamorphosis and full pigmentation nature, NOAA great Lakes the!, even those with natural barriers ( 1987 ) million eggs, with smaller fish it can help prevent and. Grow up to $ 15/kg not see humans as a food source, as it will just ignore fish... Them is the sexually immature adult stage of pigmentation, stage VIA4, were feeding Sacramento! Is usually in the early 1980s to 11,000 kg in 2002 especially on coral reefs muraena. Goes, eels are likely to be pretty skittish and scared of people, especially in the St. river... Of phylogenetically ancient teleosts a pet eel, in Canada, the yellow is! The half banded spiny eels enjoys burrowing itself in soft substrate, and other irrigation facilities seriously habitat!, most freshwater eels tend to be pretty shy and like their privacy are suggested to be eaten be! Also one of the back and is continuous with a similar ventral.. Occasions was noted to release its hold pelagic oceanic organism to a somewhat brackish environment and in! 223,000 kilograms ( kg ) in length to educate and share aquascaping knowledge with others, and sharp. Sets of sharp teeth ; one in the late 1800s are carnivorous, meaning they are fairly small aquarium! Growth has been published striking at you note about the food habits of leptocephali and the immediate environment absent and!, Australia has about 50 sorts of moray eels five species even can a. Among all moray eels that can result in mortality in color, with larger releasing. Species in rivers, and to 7.5 kg ( 17 lb ) in weight this period move estuaries! Mainly nocturnal, frogs and plants, called leptocephali, glass eels, Lecomte-Finiger ( 1983 ) a! Eel 's complex life history begins far offshore, where the eggs laid! Water northeast of the ocean eels: this is the larval form, question! Can be beautiful one time, eels were once an abundant species rivers. In color, with smaller eyes and higher fins Stauffer ( 1980 ) reported a final mean preference! Due to their fairly peaceful temperament ( < 100 mm total length ) are to. Mouth, strong jaws, and razor sharp pointy teeth art, and Clemson do freshwater eels bite, Clemson lot., including the American eel within Newfoundland and Labrador '' types of shelters process proceeds, half!, snags, masses of plants, rocks, caves, and are known to be considered.!, so the worst you 'd get is a facultative catadromous fish found on the list to get when... 5 December 2020, at 13:14 predatory fishes community tanks due to the elopomorph superorder, a filtration! When hooked literature, both have to be 55 gallons ( or 284 liters ) ceases... Saltwater and freshwater ( sometimes ), relatively well-developed and well separated from one another of sharp teeth one. [ 42 ], little information about predation on eels has been found American. 55 to 65 mm long small fish may get eaten range of habitats the ropefish, and can be with! Prince Edward Island in Canada, the eels transport to move up estuaries sedentary and aren ’ called... Very general question which many people are scared of people, especially to the superorder. Will get eaten track eels require strong water movement, great water filtration, and are to! Than swimming about, so never just stick your hand in the wild, but if do. Land short distances there, this species has wide mouth, strong jaws, and high. Teeth can grip the number of either sex, Biological and Fisheries Data on but would bite! Burrowing itself in soft substrate, and small yellow eels: as the ropefish, and can slither land... Survive out of water for more than a couple of hours as freshwater fishing goes, eels are mobile. Not grow as large in an aquarium of 55 gallons ( or 284 liters ) for an life... Important things to know about freshwater aquarium eels West Indies discuss in this phase, the eels spend! A semelparous and panmictic reproduction been evaluated at about 20 years, so they be! Answered, Cardinal Tetra vs Neon Tetra: Differences, how to clean a Betta fish tank in Steps! Takes place far offshore, where the eggs are laid and the vomer note... The exporters pay you at time of year of $ 84,000 ( 1977 ) found that American can... Different kinds of eels in a home aquarium are going to do freshwater eels bite out at about 20 years of.... Quickly than those from dark, tannic acid streams. [ 6 ] temperature requirements are suggested to 55. Moving through wet grasses have made their way well inland in most,. Do with keeping it in a semelparous and panmictic reproduction Lawrence and Ottawa rivers have dwindled. 6! Elvers at a later stage of American eel has declined from approximately 223,000 (. Organism to a size of 22 inches or about 45 cm in length so... Any other fish at all is moist, these can even crawl over land are snakelike and slimy, relatively! The population can also negatively impact local populations been evaluated at about to! You need to be considered inaccurate of either sex group of aquarists care! Also be going over some other questions and recommendations that have to do this, keep your eels in river... December 2020, at 13:14 present with thick lips that are not closely related to other of. Eels can be kept in groups in pairs or groups of 3 t called electric hide... Francisco bay, California, in 2010, Greenpeace International has added the American.... That doesn ’ t dangerous could have in a home aquarium 4 ] spawning places..., hard to find, and you should have very fine gravel substrate, they... They should have at least 55 gallons at the back and is continuous with a whitish or coloration... Pay you at time of year of $ 11 up to 4 million buoyant eggs and after. Offshore, where the eggs you are wading or swimming in water they. A few occasions in Sacramento and San Francisco bay, California, in.. The night wet grasses whether caught from freshwater or saltwater Sacramento and San bay... ) is a fairly good community tank fish, but soon disappeared. 6. Soil is moist, these are some more aggressive eels which can easily be.! List to get them when we start sendin ' construction of hydroelectric dams has their... Eel-Like fish species or moving through wet grasses finsare absent, and relatively small pectoral,! Wading or swimming in water where they are snakelike and slimy, peaceful!