Written by one of the world’s leading demographers, this authoritative text offers a systematic and coherent overview of the fundamental ideas governing the study of present and future populations. Population studies have much importance for the society. The addition to the number of voters after each election helps to find out how many have migrated from other places and regions of the country. Problems like slum areas, polluted air and water, crime, addiction to liquor, juvenile delinquency, and prostitution, are also important subjects of study in demography. It can predict about changes in population. The scope of social demography has classified into two sections macro-demography and micro-demography. All these definitions take a narrow view because they emphasise only the quantitative aspects of demography. Whether it is a science or art? Defining demography • Demography is the study of human populations in relation to the changes brought about by the interplay of births, deaths, and migration. The size and shape of population of any region, state or nation are changeable. The principles of demography have universal validity as they are applicable to all countries, given the same conditions. Demography is concerned with this essential ‘numbering of the people’ and with understanding population dynamics—how populations change in response to the interplay between fertility, mortality, and migration. According to Thompson and Lewis, it should relate to fertility, mortality, information about female population, their health, marital status, distribution and classification of population according to occupation, and collection and study of information about social and economic condition, and migration of population. For example the birth rate and death rate are studied both from macro and micro level. © 2017 SociologyDiscussion - All rights reserved, Relation of Demography with Other Sciences, Rural Sociology: Meaning, Scope, Importance and Origin, Sociology: Meaning, Scope and Characteristics, Sociology: Definition, Development and its Scope, Essay on Sociology: Top 6 Essays on Sociology, 100 + Sociology Questions & Answers for MA Entrance Exams (2019,2020,2021), 100 + Sociology Questions and Answers for M.Phil Entrance Exams, 100 + Sociology Questions and Answers for Ph.d Entrance Examination, 101 Expected Sociology Questions and Answers for Civil Services Examination, 101 Expected Sociology Questions and Answers for UGC-NET. With the majority of developing countries facing population explosion, the study of population and its problems has become very important in every sphere of an economy. It includes policies for population control, and family planning strategies; reproductive health, maternal nutrition and child health policies; policies for human development of different social groups, etc., and the effects of such policies on the total population of the country. Both types study of growth distribution and redistribution of the population at large as well as at small level. Practical aspects of population studies relate to the various methods of measuring population changes such as the census methods, age pyramids, population projections, etc. Population data are also used by the planners to project future trends in fertility and to formulate policy measures to control the birth rate. Why migrations take place and what are their effects? Its temporal scope is broad, as represented by research that explores demographic phenomena spanning the ages from the past to the present, and reaching toward the future. Data relating to the present trend in population growth help the planners in formulating policies for the economic plan of the country. Demography is the study of human population dynamics. Therefore, the scope of demography should include both micro and macro aspects of population. Along with the quantitative problems of population, the qualitative problems also form part of population studies. Demographic analysis can relate to whole societies or to smaller groups defined by criteria such as education, religion, or ethnicity. These theories have been tested on the basis of observation. The scope of social demography has classified into two sections macro-demography and micro-demography. Te organization of political institutions, social behaviour and the possibility of joint action is most dependent on the demographic size and development of societies. arise. Demographics affect health care by enhancing dynamisms in health care resource provision, the cost of care and conditions associated with each population group, according to Ensocare. micro demography: This is the study of a growth distribution and redistribution of the population within community, state, economics area and other local area. Formal demography limits its object of study to the measurement of population processes, while the broader field of social demography or population studies also analyses the relationships between economic, social, cultural, and biological processes influencing a population. Contemporary demographic concerns include the “population explosion,” the interplay between population and economic development, the effects of birth control , urban congestion, illegal immigration, and labour force statistics. Similarly, theories of migration and urbanisation form part of the study of demography. also affect the birth and death rate. Writers like Bogue, Lorimer and others favour a balanced view of population studies. Sociology, Demography, Meaning of Demography, © 2017 SociologyDiscussion - All rights reserved Terms of Service Privacy Policy Contact Us. Political parties are able to find out from the census data the number of male and female voters, their level of education, their age structure, their level of earning, etc. In the composition of population factors like the sex ratio, race wise and age- group wise size of population, the ratio of rural and urban population, distribution of population according to religion and language, occupational distribution of population, agricultural and industrial structure and per sq. The Nature of Demography is a response to these enormous changes. Prof. Bogue explains macro demography as “the mathematical and statistical study of the size, composition, and spatial distribution of human population and of changes over time in these aspects through the operations of the five processes of fertility, mortality, marriage, migration and social mobility. Its scope is further increasing by the use of computer techniques. Now considered a necessity in the advertising industry, demographics helps businesses identify those consumers most likely to buy their products or services. Importance. The Oxford Dictionary of Economics defines demography as “The study of the characteristics of human populations.” According to the UN Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, “Demography is the scientific study of human populations, primarily with respect to their size, their structure and their development.”, To Barckley, “The numerical portrayal of human population is known as demography.” Similarly, according to Thomson and Lewis, “The population student is interested in population’s size, composition and distribution; and in changes in these aspects through time and causes of these changes.”. of an individual, a family or group of a particular city or area or community. The government can undertake appropriate measures to control the growth of population and to accelerate the development of the economy. km. Demographics is the analysis of the characteristics of populations and subsets of populations, such as age, race, and gender. High fertility is connected to the child development. While the micro-demography including the individual and the family as a unit of the large society. Sociology is the youngest of all the Social Sciences. It is on the basis of the census figures pertaining to different areas that the demarcation of constituencies is done by the election commission of a country. In this context, according to Hauser and Duncan, “Demography is the study of size, territorial distribution and composition of population, changes therein, and the components of such changes, which may be identified as natality, mortality, territorial movement (migration), and social mobility (change of status).”, According to Frank Lorimer, “In broad sense, demography includes both demographic analysis and population studies. The study of demography is of immense importance to an economy. The administrator has to tackle and find solutions to the problems arising from the growth of population. The focus in population studies is on factors responsible for urbanisation, the problems associated with urbanisation and the solutions thereto. The scope of demography is very wide. Within a country, it also includes the study of distribution of population in rural and urban areas, fanning and non-farming communities, working classes, business communities, etc. Some other writers have defined demography in wide sense by taking the quantitative and qualitative aspects of population studies. The knowledge of demography is of immense importance for a democratic political system. (i) It must be a systematised body of knowledge; (ii) It must have its own laws or theories; (iii) They can be tested by observation and experimentation; Demography possesses all the above noted elements of a science which can be described as under: 1. However, most of the population studies are conducted in macro-demography. ”. In under-developed countries, almost all social and economic problems are associated with the growth of population. Dynamisms in age, size, culture and race put pressure on health care organizations to adapt to these changing needs to address all health-reform requirements. Some other writers have taken a more’ comprehensive view in defining the discipline of demography which covers more clearly its nature and score For example, Hauser and Duncan define it in the following manner: вЂ?Demography is the study of size, territorial distribution, and composition of population changes therein, and the components of such changes, which may be identified as natality, mortality, territorial movement (migration), and social mobility … While the former includes studies of systems, cultures and societies on a large scale, the later study the individual and the family as a unit of society. 4. Demography can make predictions on the basis of cause and effect relationships. Migration plays an important role in the distribution of population and supply of labour. While ‘demography’ is just as important for social developments as ‘economy’, What is Sociology? Population studies are also useful for administrators who run the government. To them, demography includes the interrelationships between population and social, economic and cultural conditions of the country and their effects on population growth. In it's most general meaning, a population is a set of people who live in a specific land area : a commune, a district, a country or a continent,etc. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Population change is a biological process. The study of demography encompasses the following: Generally, the size of population means the total number of persons usually residing in a definite area at a definite time. Macro-demography includes the study of systems, cultures and societies on a large scale. Historical demography is the quantitative study of human population in the past. It is not only a positive science of ‘what is’ but also a normative science of “what ought to be.” It studies the causes and effects of population problems and also suggests policy measures to solve them. Scope 4. These are vexed questions about the scope of demography about which there is no unanimity among writers on demography. Among others, Hauser and Duncan include the study of fertility, mortality, distribution, migration, etc. & Nzeadibe,T.C. Although it maintains a continuous descriptive and comparative analysis of trends, in each of these processes and in its net result, its long run goal is to develop a body of theory to explain the events that it charts and compares. A majority of writers take the macro view of population studies and include the qualitative aspects of demography. During the time of Confucius, many Chinese and Greek writers, and following them Aristotle, Plato and Kautilya (around the year 300 B.C.) Therefore, the scope of demography should include both micro and macro aspects of population. Key Takeaways: Demographics in Advertising With this type of information regarding the possibilities of development in that particular area, social-economic problems of the area, problems created due to increase in urban population, and density of population form part of population studies. INTRODUCTION Demography is the scientific study of characteristics and dynamics pertaining to the human population. (b) How their numbers and proportions change? In fact, it has become an applied science and applied technology.”. On these basis, political parties can raise issues and promise solutions in their election manifestos at the time of elections. The scope of demography is widening and many social welfare departments are set up to study population in our country. The health and healthcare needs of a population cannot be measured or met without knowledge of its size and characteristics. 3. Out of the many problems relating to population growth, the effects of high density due to industrialization in the urban areas are of more importance as they affect the socio-economic life of the people. These require improvement of environmental sanitation, removal of stagnant and polluted water, slum clearance, better housing, efficient transport system, clean water supply, better sewerage facilities, control of communicable diseases, provision of medical and health services, especially in maternal and child welfare by opening health centres, opening of schools, etc. Its temporal scope is broad, as represented by research that explores demographic phenomena spanning the ages from past to present, and reaching toward the future. Even though, the term “Population Studies” is more popular, the word ‘Demography’ is under wider use these days. December 12, 2008. The term is also used to refer to the actual phenomena observed, as in phrases such as the demography of tropical Africa (Pressat 1985:54). Faced with such problems which are the concomitant result of population growth, the state and non-government social organisations can adopt appropriate measures to solve them. Scope And Subject Matter Of Demography and other kinds of academic papers in our essays database at Many Essays. SCOPE OF DEMOGRAPHY • Demography is the science of population. have expressed their thoughts on the subject of population. Micro demography is the narrow view of population studies. Shortages of basic services like water, electricity, transport and communications, public health, education, etc. 1-Nature of Geography We frequently use the term *Nature* like nature of any person, nature of any product ,etc . While the micro-demography including the individual and the family as a unit of the large society. (Eds), Readings in Human Geography (pp.1-14). In fact, development in these related disciplines also played a crucial role in the emergence of population geography as a separate and independent sub-field in geography. These are vexed questions about the scope of demography about which there is no unanimity among writers on demography. Demographers seek to understand population dynamics by investigating three main demographic processes: … It maintains a continuous descriptive and comparative analysis of trends, in each of these processes and in their net result. (c) What political, social and economic causes bring changes in the distribution of population. The term demography has been defined both in a narrow and broad sense. It goes on revising its conclusions in the light of new facts based on observations. Before studying whether demography is a science, it is essential to know what science is and to what extent the characteristics of science are applicable to demography. After reading this article you will learn about:- 1. It has its own theories like the Malthusian Theory, the theory of Demographic Transition, etc. Similarly in the case of fertility and migration both of the fields are helpful for population studies its scope is increasing day by day. A broad study of demography studies both qualitative and quantitative aspects of population.”, Thus, according to Donald J. Bougue, “Demography is a statistical and mathematical study of the size, composition, spatial distribution of human population, and of changes overtime in these aspects through the operation of the five processes of fertility, mortality, marriage, migration and social mobility. It includes the subject matter of demography, is it a micro or macro study? In addition to these, factors like marriage rate, belief regarding social status and marriage, age of marriage, orthodox customs related to marriage, early marriage and its effects on the health of the mother and the child, child infanticide rate, maternal death, still birth, resistance power, level of medical services, availability of nutritious food, purchasing power of the people, etc. ...Scope of Demography The scope of demography has been classified into two sections: Macro- demography and micro- demography. Writers like William Peterson, Hauser and Duncan consider “Population Studies” and “Demography” to be different. The scope of demography is very wide. All these factors affect the size and shape of the population and if these factors are studied with reference to any area under demography, we can clearly understand the role they play in determining the shape and size of the population. The analyses derived from demographic studies rely upon a specialized set of models and methods, including population composition studies, life table analysis, simulation and mathematical models, survival analysis and ratios. Birth, death and migration are the major elements of demography. Other branches of study dealing with human population, viz., demography and population studies, were also undergoing parallel change. density of population are very important. It is a systematised body of knowledge in which facts are studied and analysed in a systematic manner. Also due to ill health of mother, infant mortality rate is high in our country. • A formal demography is concerned with the size, distribution, structure and changes of population 10. Its long run goal is to develop theories to explain the events that it charts and compares.”. ... To better examine the dynamics and consequences of immigration in metropolitan Phoenix, the center has broadened the scope of this research beyond the U.S. border and has developed new international partnerships. It encompasses the study of the size, structure and distribution of populations, and how populations change over time due to births, deaths, migration, and aging. Moreover, the study of demography includes the availability of physicians in the total population, number of hospitals, the number of beds in hospitals, expectation of life at birth, daily availability of minimum calories, resistance power, advertisement of family planning programme and its development, the changes brought in the attitudes of people regarding child birth and adequate medical facility for delivery, etc. The Avian Demography Unit has extended the scope of its operations with several new projects focused on bird population studies. Demography has made a boundary wall around the following subjects. Demography studies the factors that lead to internal and external migration of people within a country and between countries, the effects of migration on the migrants and the place where they migrate. While the former includes studies of systems, cultures and societies on a large scale, the later study the individual and the family as a unit of society. It is expanded to include education, income, the structure of the family unit, housing, race or ethnicity, and religion. As pointed out by Bogue, “Micro demography is the study of the growth, distribution and redistribution of the population within community, state, economic area or other local area.” According to the micro view, demography is primarily concerned with quantative relations of demographic phenomena. Demography is self-corrective in nature. The word ‘Demography’ is a combination of two Greek words, ‘Demos’ meaning people and ‘Graphy’ meaning science. Fertility, death rate, migration, genetic composition, population and means of survival, techniques of population, measurement and training of the demographers, distribution of population, family planning, growth of population, demographic aspects of supply of labor demographic aspect of education, demographic aspect of housing and the demographic aspect of saving and investment. So, demography covers all those areas of population where people living in the shape of community or society. There are vast theoretical aspects of population studies which include the various theories of population propounded by sociologists, biologists, demographers and economists, and theories of migration and urbanisation. The Nature of Demography by Hervé Le Bras, translated by Godfrey Rogers from the original French publication in 2005 (La démographie, Paris: Odille Jacob), is about change, as demonstrated by the title of the introduction: ‘the dynamics of change in demography’ (p. 1). It is concerned with population size, with the three basic components of population change--fertility, mortality, and migration, and with population characteristics related to those components, such as marriage, socioeconomic status, and the configuration of families. Population policy is an important subject of demography especially in the context of developing countries. Dissertation with Formulas: How to Handle, History and Development of Social Psychology, What is Socialization – Meaning and Definition …, Elements of Culture | Basic Elements of …, What are the Sources of Cultural Change …. 2. Thus demography is the science of people. Macro-demography includes the study of systems, cultures and societies on a large scale. Of elections population data are also useful for administrators who run the government can undertake appropriate measures to the... C. composition and Density of population education is as old as human civilization it studies small like. 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