Simultaneously, as the U.S. slid into war in Vietnam, skepticism nurtured in Mississippi led me to discover that we were stumbling into a quagmire. Haywood T. "The Kid" Kirkland from Bloods: An Oral History of the Vietnam War by Black Veterans (1984) In an article in the New York Times Magazine on March 24, 1968, reporter Sol Stern observed, "In Vietnam between 1961 and 1964, Negroes accounted for more than 20 percent of Army fatalities, … The feared domination of communism did not take place. Three of them died and the other two were taken to North Vietnam in 1969 and held until the end of the war. Fitzgerald embraces the canine thread woven through his days as a helicopter pilot in the Vietnam War with the 240th Assault Helicopter Company Greyhounds from March 1969 to March 1970. Stories from Vietnam. Like any proud father he says I was perfect – alert, curious, in perfect health – but within a year my family knew that something wasn’t quite right. Also unlikely. Awesome. A Gruesome but Fantastic War Story. Antiwar leaders realized that while we had finally convinced a majority of Americans to oppose the war, our militant tactics kept them from joining us. Today, I’m 31, and a living echo of a war that my country should never have been a part of and even now, so many years later I’m still paying the price.”, “I was very young. I was back from the dead. I have always, and will always, cherish our friendship.”. Some at our reunion had felt that it was their patriotic duty to serve; others were just delighted that their lottery numbers were above 300 and they were unlikely to be drafted. Agent Orange and other chemicals were sprayed on millions of acres, leaving a legacy of cancer and birth defects. (Photo: Courtesy of Duong Van Mai Elliot), (Photo: Courtesy of Northwestern University), Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. I was concerned about my men’s safety at all times. And even with that they failed. A link has been sent to your friend's email address. They live in Southern California.p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 19.0px Times; -webkit-text-stroke: #000000}span.s1 {font-kerning: none; background-color: #e0ebf6}span.s2 {font-kerning: none}. Yet until May 1970, both of those countries were off limits to U.S. ground forces. Our mortality rate was almost 50% — higher even than at the brutal Civil War prisons at Andersonville or Elmira a century earlier. As the marine jumped into the chopper, a fused grenade dropped from his belt suspender strap, exploded and killed him and my friend John, a corporal at the time. For 10 years we demonstrated in the streets of Amsterdam, walked with banners and shouted slogans against Lyndon B Johnson and Nixon. Only those who have known war can truly appreciate peace. When I stopped there to look at it, no one was there and no medicines were on its shelves. He became a guerrilla fighter, living and hiding in remote areas to avoid capture by the French. The objection that the Americans liberated us, silenced gradually. But we did find out, as they did, that losing everything was psychologically wrenching, and that surviving and rebuilding took fortitude of spirit. Read or Share this story: https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2017/09/11/vietnam-war-voices/105499474/. What had happened to my country? I once got an Australian nurse from a medical aid mission based in the provincial capitol to come out to the village to treat a very sick child whose scalp was terribly infected from scabies. It was a different place it seems to me, the UK then, we felt quiet pride in welcoming these lovely people from a terrible situation.”. The work was confrontational but did not ask participants to risk arrest. In Vietnam, my family and I experienced what it was like to be caught in bombing and fighting, and what it was like to flee our home and survive as refugees. Still, for about half an hour I was, perhaps, part of history, a genuine, if somewhat accidental, anti-Vietnam war demonstrator.”. I landed at Boston’s Logan Airport in my Marine Corps Alpha Green uniform, with the medals and ribbons I had earned proudly displayed. The Vietnam War, which had about one-fifth of the casualties of World War II but had lasted three times as long, had changed the country as much as the greatest cataclysm in world history. He had previously announced that he would commit suicide in protest against what he called government persecution of Buddhists. 40% to 60% of those were either in combat, provided close support or were regularly exposed to enemy attack. Los Angeles Times Photographic Archive, Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, UCLA. His acts of valor would earn him the Medal of Honor. In April 1975, American helicopters plucked my family out of Saigon at the last minute as communist rockets exploded nearby. He has PTSD and addiction issues, and was rarely at our house; my parents relationship was volatile and they’ve been separated/divorced as long as I can remember ... Our society did not (and does not) give returning soldiers and their families anything remotely like the kind of support they need, but some of this is his own fault too. He lives in Daytona Beach, Fla. Having lived through war and seen what it did to my family and to millions of Vietnamese, I feel grateful for the peace and stability I now enjoy in the United States. In this June 8, 1972 file photo taken by Huynh Cong "Nick' Ut, South Vietnamese forces follow terrified children, including 9-year-old Kim Phuc, center, as they run down Route 1 near Trang Bang after an aerial napalm attack on suspected Viet Cong hiding places. New recruits are shown receiving test at the U.S. Army reception station in Fort Jackson, S.C. in various fields that help to classify or place him where he is best suited on May 3, 1965. Within these personal essays are lessons about what happened, what it meant then and what we can learn from it now. They tried to say that New Zealand troops were never sprayed but Dad speaks of living, working and eating in a chemical haze. Andras Toma was the longest held POW of World War II. Though we were conducting a war of attrition, we were actually fighting the enemy’s birth rate. The photograph won the 1969 Pulitzer Prize. The war escalated in 1965, and I became an ardent protester over the next six years. I remember it well. I was with rural guerillas in the Philippines, the New People’s Army, when I noticed another very sick child. Damaged buildings can be seen top center and bomb craters are scattered throughout the entire area. Few of us were anti-war at that time; I fully supported the war. The war meant death for an estimated 3 million Vietnamese, North and South. Did we learn anything from that experience, which left such an indelible mark on our national psyche? When you visit the Memorial, the sheer volume of names is inescapable. Bill Zimmerman is a Los Angeles political consultant and the author of Troublemaker: A Memoir from the Front Lines of the Sixties (Anchor Books, 2012). My patriotism wilted in the South in 1963, after a short stint with the civil rights movement. The fastest group, of which I was one, made it in 57 days. Thirteen years later, I sat in a jail cell in Washington, D.C., after protesting what military pilots were doing in the skies over Vietnam. He died of throat cancer and was buried in this ceremony. The Domino theory lost its persuasiveness. The Vietnam War touched millions of lives. Dad was 38. “More than 15 years after my father Paul returned from Vietnam, I was born. I thought they were Chinese. I am saddened by the sacrifices of true heroes and the disrespect that was shown to those who were fortunate enough to come home. I believed that it was now my turn, and if I were to die, my mom would receive a $10,000 death benefit and be able to purchase a house. The 1st Air Cavalry Division entered the Vietnam War 50 years ago in 1965. Bernie Boston, The Washington Post via Getty Images. This war, which had such a great impact on my life, is a dim memory today. I’m his first child by his second wife, I was born in 1976, and I’ve never met my older brother. There was a dispensary very close to the village where I was filming, built with US aid funds, after the area had been re-taken by US and Korean ground forces in 1965, but villagers told me it was empty. We were like pack animals, carrying upwards of 60 pounds of gear, water, ammunition — and even more for the radio operators and machine gunners. I approached the sidewalk to catch a taxi, hoping that I wasn’t dreaming and would not awaken back at Camp Carroll to another bombardment. When I deployed to Vietnam in August 1967, I was a young Army doctor, married five years, with a 3-year-old daughter, just potty trained, and another child due the following April. Now, 40 years later, we must try to understand. I am very proud to have served my country as a United States Marine. My father, all of my uncles, including a grand-uncle who rode with Teddy Roosevelt, all served in the military. Vietnam War Stories being a Narrative of the War Experiences of the First Platoon, A Co., 1/8 Cav., First Air Cavalry Division, 1967-1968. This activist was collecting donations for the 400-mile round-trip bus ride from Cambridge to Manhattan.”. Comments: Mike Chisam's personal experience paper written while attending the Infantry Officer Advanced Course at Fort Benning in 1973 wasn't done as a war story, but reading it brought back many memories. The country had lost its innocence — and, for a time, its confidence. His brother tried to volunteer in his stead because of the baby, but that was not permitted, so my dad enlisted hoping to avoid deployment. One nurse’s visit hadn’t been enough. In the Battle of Ap Bac, South Vietnam forces (ARVN) were tasked with destroying Ap Bac, a stronghold for North Vietnam forces (PAVN). This piece was updated on 30 April to include additional information from Ivan Pope. The domino stones even fell to the other side.”, ‘My father, pictured above with his American adviser, was a colonel in the South Vietnamese Army.’. We used up our mortar ammo quickly, then moved wounded Marines to the back of the perimeter, hoping to get … But the men I led as a young infantry platoon leader and later as a company commander weren’t fighting for that mission. Even though my company lost very few, I remember each of those deaths vividly. The Vietnamese who fought on both sides of the war wanted the same thing for the country that they love, peace. National Archives and Records Administration. He lives in Marin County, Calif. p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 19.0px Times; -webkit-text-stroke: #000000}span.s1 {font-kerning: none; background-color: #e0ebf6}span.s2 {font-kerning: none}. My father [pictured above with his American advisor] was a colonel in the South Vietnamese Army. But I can’t tell you if he lived. The Iwo Jima, carrying remnants of the 1st Battalion Ninth Marine Regiment, was one ship of a naval flotilla participating in Operation Deckhouse V. John was a gunner aboard a helicopter that picked up a marine in the Delta. Richard Nixon escalated the war, but he also felt the heat from a much broader antiwar coalition. Major General Patrick Henry Brady The story of Patrick Henry Brady and his missions flying as a dust-off helicopter pilot during the Vietnam War. We never invaded North Vietnam. I hate thinking he dealt with all of this alone. New arrivals enter the U.S. Army Reception Station in 1970 in Fort Lewis, Washington. Sergeant James B. Ferguson shows new recruits the proper hand salute during their processing at the U.S. Army reception station in Fort Jackson, South Carolina, on May 3, 1965. Mai Elliot working in Rand office. I now have an appreciation for the gift of life. In one way or another, Vietnam has overshadowed every national security decision since. It gives insight into our battalion's operations in Binh Thuan and Lam Dong Provinces in the months following the … But my sacrifices were trivial compared with those of young Americans forced into war, or Vietnamese civilians dying under bombs and napalm. My father, a journalist, got a friend who was in Saigon, to take photos of the funeral. Smoke billows from bomb blasts along the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos on Feb. 11, 1971 as U.S. bombers pounded the area while supporting South Vietnamese troops engaging the North Vietnamese there. My Vietnam – All Stories Getting There Trip to Vietnam I heard during my tour the difference between a fairy tale and a war story is that one starts with “Once upon a time” and the other with “This is no shit!” When I think about the Vietnam War, I am torn by personal emotions that range from anger and sadness to hope. Yet, our brushes with war were terrifying enough. Numbers were drawn out of a big bin — similar to the one used for weekly state lotteries — corresponding to the days of the year. History is a harsh teacher; there are still no easy answers. Travis Air Force Base, Calif. on March 17, 1973. He spent nearly six years as a prisoner of war. In our fury, we became more forceful, committing widespread civil disobedience. They were fighting, I realized, for each other — to simply survive their year in-country and go home. I came down to the kitchen and noticed something. Posters promoting an anti-Vietnam war march, Harvard Square, 1972. read more of their stories on GuardianWitness, You can read more of her story on GuardianWitness, read more of Andrew’s story on GuardianWitness. The usual story in a case like this was that the supplies had been sold somewhere along the supply chain for private profit, even to their enemy. Hal Kushner joined the Army and served as a flight surgeon in Vietnam. “The Vietnam War was far more complex from the Vietnamese perspective than anything portrayed in the Western media. The division’s colors and unit designations was transferred to the 11th Air Assault Division (Test), then at Ft. Benning, Georgia, in July, 1965. The eulogies were for the survivors, of course; they always are. I hope wherever he is, he’s okay.”. There were no young adults around, just the elderly and some children. The refugees had reached Australia. It was then that I cried. Long ago and far away, we fought a war in which more than 58,000 Americans died and hundreds of thousands of others were wounded. ... Veterans Memorial is names — more than 58,000 names of men and women who were killed or missing in action during the Vietnam War. I’m not even sure I knew she had a daddy, but that response always stuck with me and I always remember the day she heard.”. I had showered and shaved before I reported to the unit, and … I was once counseled by a senior officer “not to be too worried about your men.” Incredible. In the interim, we had landed on the moon; there was women’s lib, Nixon had gone to China; Martin Luther King, Jr. and Robert Kennedy had been assassinated. First day at FT Sill, you’re actually held in in-processing for 3 days before you go to boot camp (Army). He was part of a group of Frenchmen who were cozy with the South Vietnamese regime. Many of those who managed to escape or survive have shared their amazing stories of how they made it through. In this July 19, 1968, file photo President Lyndon Johnson and South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu, left, talk at Pacific Command Headquarters in Honolulu on July 19, 1968 at the start of two days of meetings on the Vietnamese war and Paris peace talks. He competed in German nationals for swimming when he was in High School; I do think he must have been a very, very different person... Randomly, I now live near Garden Grove, California, which has the largest Vietnamese population outside of Vietnam (we have great food here); and I work with two individuals who left Vietnam as war refugees. It had changed forever the way we think of our government and ourselves. But many of the soldiers who went were drafted into the service, ineligible for a student deferment because they had never been to college. “In early January 1967 John Mooney and I were US marines aboard the USS Iwo Jima, a helicopter carrier, off the coast of Vietnam near the Mekong Delta. As a 19-year-old African American from the Roxbury section of Boston, I voluntarily joined the U.S. Marine Corps, willing to fight and die for my country. (Photo: Courtesy of Duong Van Mai Elliot). Narration by Liam Neeson. I graduated from high school in 1958, thinking myself a patriot and aspiring to be a military pilot. I cradled 10 dying men in my arms as they breathed their last and spoke of home and family; then we buried them in crude graves, marked with stones and bamboo, and eulogized them with words of sunshine and hope, country and family. These are the raw interviews from WDSE • WRPT’s documentary Remembering The Vietnam War PT 1 & 2 as Veterans from the northland share their personal stories… At my release in Hanoi, I was shocked by the hair and dress of the reporters there. We, on the other hand, would use unilaterally declared “truce” periods and would halt bombing to signal something never clearly defined — a willingness to talk, I imagined, which the enemy ignored. We learned that two presidents, Johnson and Nixon, cared more about their own political survival than the lives of the men under their command. We were called the “Hell in a Helmet” Marines. Instead of an easy success, the ARVN was defeated and the United States was drawn more deeply into the war. The beginning of a war is the best time to be at war. After making the photo, he set aside his camera, gave the badly burned girl water, poured more on her wounds, then loaded her and others into his AP van to take them to a hospital. In Vietnam, I served with G Company, 2nd Battalion, 9th Marine Regiment of the 3rd Marine Division. All they had for treatment was herbs. I had to return to Manila. The Air Force and Navy sent planes against two targets in North Vietnam on Jan. 31, 1966, ending the lull which began on Christmas Eve. They began deploying to Camp Radcliffe, An Khe, Vietnam. (Photo: Courtesy of Northwestern University). They were good light infantry; I had respect for their determination and abilities. He was from Lakewood, California. With other antiwar activists, I anguished over them all, and seethed with rage at our inability to stop the killing. The time was September 1968. The war ended on April 30, 1975, with the fall of Saigon, now known as Ho Chi Minh City, to communist troops from the north. This was a village in Central Vietnam in the province of Binh Dinh, where he was pretty certain he could go without being blown up or ambushed. Why did we suffer and sacrifice? Dysentery, I thought. In Vietnam, the troops gave our battles such names as ‘The Day Sandy Got It,’ ‘Phu An’ and ‘Two July.’ On ‘Two July,’ 1967, our four understrength 125-man rifle companies suffered 84 dead and 190 wounded. The following year there was a series of corrective surgeries to save my right foot and leg. New York Congressman Alexander Pirnie is seen during the nationwide draft lottery on Dec, 1, 1969. The fear we felt paled in comparison to the terror that Vietnamese in the countryside of South Vietnam experienced when bombs and artillery shells landed in their villages, or when American and South Vietnamese soldiers swept through their hamlets; or the terror my relatives in North Vietnam felt when American B-52s carpet bombed in December 1972. In 1967, he was captured by the Viet Cong after surviving a helicopter crash. In doing so, we meet our obligation as citizens … and become patriots. “My cousin Connie, named for baseball manager Connie Mack, joined the marines in 1967. Millions took part. I didn’t realize what was happening until the state trooper stepped in and told the next driver, “You have got to take this soldier.” The driver, who was white, looked up at us through the passenger side window and said, “I don’t want to go to Roxbury.”. 085: Footloose and Lucky. Back then guys returning from the war were called baby-killers, nobody knew about PTSD or survivor’s guilt, and his mom and dad were heavy drinkers. You can read more of their stories on GuardianWitness, Last modified on Fri 14 Jul 2017 17.12 EDT. I joined them. And to my discredit I have to admit that I was actually rather more interested in boats than the Vietnam War, which by then seemed to have gone on endlessly on our TV screens each evening. ", Phil Gioia posing against a jeep in December 1969. And know their culture and history. He had an open sore at the base of his throat about an inch long. My Tours of Duty and Assignments: AUG 1968 - NOV 1968 - 2cd Lt., 1st Platoon Leader, Bravo Company, 1st Battalion, 8th Infantry Regiment, 4th Infantry Division NOV 1968 - MAY 1969 - 1st Lt., XO Bravo Company, 1 Battalion, 8th Infantry Regiment, 4th Infantry Division Extended for second tour and took 30 days leave … Stories from the Veterans History Project of the Library of Congress. 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